Industrial Revolution

This week was presentation week. Kali, Nabilah, Florence and I were in group one. Therefore, we were the group which present on this week. The topic of our group was Industrial Revolution.

Last few week, our lecturer uploaded some questions on Blackboard. These questions could help us while we were preparing our presentation.

1. What is the industrial revolution? 

2. What are the factors that influenced the industrial revolution?

3. What are the major events that happened during the industrial revolution? Were there any revolutionary inventions that shaped and influenced society?

4. How did that shaped and influenced design?

5. How did that bring about the art & craft movement?

I was going to present/answer the first and second question, Kali was covered the third one, Nabilah covered the fourth one, and the last one was covered by Florence.

The first Industrial Revolution was started from early 18th century, and it first started at Britain. The main reason of why Industrial Revolution started in Britain but not the other places was Britain had natural resources. For example, iron, river, coal and so on. The main 2 things that happen during the first Industrial Revolution, were the people started move to the cities and the goods strated made by the machines rather than people. There were some technologies were invented during that time.

1. Bessemer Process by Henry Bessemer

- The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron.

2. Steam Engine by James Watt

- A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. 

- Steam boat and train were using this technology as well.

3. Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney

- A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. 

4. Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves

- A spinning Jenny reduced the amount of work needed to produce cloth, with a worker able to work eight or more spools at once.

Industrial Revolution was later spread towards other countries. For example, China, Japan, India, America and so on. Not only that, Industrial Revolution affects design industry as well. Photography was invented. It prevented faster expansion of jobs in printers, adverts and posters. Graphic design was used to provide the development of products and improving existing products, so that relation of consumers could be improved.

The first steam-powered cylinder press was invented by Friedrich Koenig’s and John Walter II in 1814. This machine could improve the speed of printing. However, it cause the price of book and newspaper dropped. Because of the invention of photograph, the development of printing skills were improved. Chromolithography (colour prints) and lithography (print using stones) were invented.

During the first Industrial Revolution, the art style is more towards nature and have earthly colours. Book design and typography declined in quality, and many mass-produced

goods were cheap and poor quality.

In fact, there is not only on Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution is a continuous process. Now, most of the countries are going through Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industrial Revolution 4.0). Some countries are still in Industrial Revolution 3.0.

In order to let us know more about this topic, our class were separated in three group. Eco group covered each industrial revolution. We had to make a map for it. Our group chose industrial revolution 2.0. Then, we tried to link the maps together.

The map from our group:

The maps from the other groups:

We tried to link them together: